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The History of the Computer Microprocessor
The story behind the invention the first computer microprocessor.

Microprocessors - History and Technology
How Microprocessors Work
From Intel’s educational program.

The History of the Microcomputer - Invention and Evolution
Intel’s founder, Robert Noyce, chartered Ted Hoff’s Applications Research Department in 1969 to find new applications for silicon technology -the microcomputer was the result - written by Stanley Mazor.

Chronology of Events in the History of Microcomputers
Timeline maintained by Copyright (C) 1994-98 Ken Polsson.

Intel 4004 Chip INTEL 8008 Chip Intel 8080 Chip Processing Power
Computers have changed in their ability in one simple dimension. They’ve become faster, and in a very predictable manner. The number of devices of a chip - that is the circuit elements in a logic circuit - Gordon Moore predicted with incredible perspicacity in 1965 to double every 18 months.

Intel’s Processors Hall of Fame
Find fast facts about Intel’s family of microprocessors from the 4004 chip to the Pentium II processor. Intel’s first money making product, was the 3101 Schottky bipolar 64-bit static random access memory (SRAM) chip.

Moore’s Law
The origin, nature, and implications of Moore’s Law. The benchmark of progress in the semiconductor electronics.

Federico Faggin, Stanley Mazor and Ted Hoff
Federico Faggin
Microprocessor Concept and Architecture Patent No.: 3,821,715 - National Inventors Hall of Fame. Federico Faggin, currently CEO of Synaptics, led the design and development of the world’s first microprocessor, the Intel 4004 and conceived and supervised the design of the landmark 8080, the first modern microprocessor. Federico Faggin - biography Marcian E. (Ted) Hoff - biography Stanley Mazor - biography Stanley Mazor - The History of the Microcomputer - Invention and Evolution
Intel’s founder, Robert Noyce, chartered Ted Hoff’s Applications Research Department in 1969 to find new applications for silicon technology -the microcomputer was the result.

Article by Federico Faggin - The Future of the Microprocessor

Gordon Moore and Bob Noyce
Moore is widely known for “Moore’s Law,” in which he predicted that the number of transistors the industry would be able to place on a computer chip would double every year. In 1995, he updated his prediction to once every two years. While originally intended as a rule of thumb in 1965, it has become the guiding principle for the industry to deliver ever-more-powerful semiconductor chips at proportionate decreases in cost.

Moore earned a B.S. in Chemistry from the University of California at Berkeley and a Ph.D. in Chemistry and Physics from the California Institute of Technology. He was born in San Francisco, Calif., on Jan. 3, 1929.

Gordon Moore - biography Another Interview with Gordon Moore
Interview by Jill Wolfson, San Jose Mercury News; and Teo Cervantes, James Lick High School.
Intel
The History of Intel: Intel’s 30th Anniversary
The history of Intel and thirty years of innovation.

The History of Intel
The two founders decided upon the name “Intel” for their new company, a shortened version of “integrated electronics”.

Related Innovations
History of Computers
Computer Peripherals

Mary Bellis

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From: inventors.about.com

Italian opposition parties are planning to demonstrate Tuesday against Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi’s attempt to pass legislation that critics say would protect him in an ongoing court case.

Berlusconi is currently on trial in Milan, accused of paying $600,000 to British lawyer David Mills to give false testimony in his favor during trials in the 1990s.

Both men deny the charges; Mills is the estranged husband of UK government minister Tessa Jowell, who is not linked in any way to the case.

A verdict in the trial could be delayed, however, because the Italian parliament — controlled by Berlusconi’s allies — is debating legislation to suspend trials that carry a penalty of less than 10 years in prison.

That measure, which would suspend such "low-priority" cases for one year, would cover the prime minister’s current trial.

It is a move that critics say would benefit Berlusconi’s own interests.

Former magistrate Antonio di Pietro, who investigated Berlusconi in the early 1990s and now leads the small opposition party Italy of Values, plans a demonstration for Tuesday evening in central Rome. His party has been active in the parliamentary opposition.

Berlusconi is no stranger to trials and investigations. Since he first became prime minister 14 years ago, he has been on trial 17 times facing such charges as corruption, false accounting, and tax fraud.

Berlusconi accuses magistrates of conducting a witch hunt against him.

"I’ve never been convicted," the prime minister told a crowd of business leaders last month, "either because I didn’t commit the alleged crime or because the crime didn’t exist."

Critics, however, say Berlusconi has used his position to change laws in order to escape prosecution.

Berlusconi says the measure currently before parliament is designed to clear a backlog of court cases. He has promised not to use the law to suspend his own trial, but critics aren’t convinced.

"We need to know if the person who became prime minister bribed a witness in a trial," di Pietro told CNN recently. "If the trial is suspended, Italians will be denied the right to know who they elected."

Berlusconi, who maintains he’s done nothing wrong, says Italians know who he is and trust him enough to have elected him three times. He accuses magistrates of trying to change the will of the people.
From: rss.cnn.com

 Tags:    cell phone software    Sanyo software

A small collection of Cell Phone related Bluetooth software. Upload files, contacts from your computer to Bluetooth cell phones and more.

The Bluetooth Software featured below is either specifically written for Sanyo phones or Sanyo compatible. Some of these programs are free to use while others are free to download, but have to be purchased after a free trial. I did not include software that does not offer at least a free trial.

Blue Lock
    Bluetooth PC Dialer
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+ Sanyo Phone manager Software
+ Ringtone maker software for Sanyo phones
+ Tools and utilities
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+ View all the Sanyo software categories…

Have you tried my famous Ringtone Personality Test, that returns and lets you listen to and download Your “5 Best” Ringtones. You can start right here with the first question:

Also Check Out…
- Which Of 224 Phones Is Your Exact Match?
- Which Service Plans Cost Less?
- The Cell Phone Hall Of Fame Top 40
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- Own A Phone? I Need Your Help!: Tell Me What You Think Of Your Phone

Other Popular Links
- Top 5 Commercial Ringtones
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From: cellphones.about.com

Improved software and services allow the smallest businesses to outsource work around the globe

The Wilburns have used freelancers in India, Israel, and Britain Dana Smith

by Pete Engardio

From the outside, the gray Victorian with the stained-glass windows on a gentrified block in Dorchester, Mass., is a typical middle-class dream house. But it also is the headquarters of what you might call a micro-multinational. Randy and Nicola Wilburn run real estate, consulting, design, and baby food companies out of their home. They do it by taking outsourcing to the extreme.

Professionals from around the globe are at their service. For $300, an Indian artist designed the cute logo of an infant peering over the words “Baby Fresh Organic Baby Foods” and Nicola’s letterhead. A London freelancer wrote promotional materials. Randy has hired “virtual assistants” in Jerusalem to transcribe voice mail, update his Web site, and design PowerPoint graphics. Retired brokers in Virginia and Michigan handle real estate paperwork.

Global outsourcing is no longer just for big corporations. Increasingly, Main Street businesses from car dealers to advertising agencies are finding it easier to farm out software development, accounting, support services, and design work to distant lands. Elance, the Mountain View (Calif.) online-services marketplace that is the Wilburns’ main connection to the cyber-workforce, boasts 48,500 small businesses as clients—up 70% in the past year—posting 18,000 new projects a month. Sites such as Guru.com, Brickwork India, DoMyStuff.com, and RentACoder also report fast growth.

Forecasts that the Web would revolutionize work by creating a vast global market for professionals have been around since the early ’90s. Venture capital legend John Doerr thought so much of the idea in ‘99 that his firm, Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, bet nearly as much on Elance as it did on Google (GOOG) and Amazon (AMZN). Kleiner managing partner Raymond J. Lane is chairman.

But while other forms of e-commerce caught fire quickly, Web sites for freelancers have only recently begun to generate much momentum. Market researcher Evalueserve estimates that revenues for online service marketplaces will grow 20% in 2008, to $190 million, far from the initial hype.

Why has it taken buyers and sellers of services longer to get comfortable trading online than companies dealing in physical goods? An eBay (EBAY) for services, says Elance CEO Fabio Rosati, “was a brilliant idea that started too soon.” But improved software, search engines, and new features are boosting the industry. Several sites now allow buyers to view detailed work samples and customer ratings for thousands of service vendors. Guru launched a payment system to mediate disputes and lets buyers put funds in escrow until work is received. Elance developed software to track work in progress and handle billing, pay, and tax records.

MOVING WITH THE MARKET

Those upgrades are starting to make a difference. Elance, which makes money by charging subscription fees and a 4% to 6% cut of each project, expects total billings to rise 50%, to $60 million, this year. Guru predicts similar growth, to $26 million.

Small entrepreneurs are the biggest source of growth. Queens (N.Y.) Lincoln Mercury dealer Ariel Tehrani hired Brazilians to develop a multimedia Web site to sell cars online. San Francisco real estate agent Jonathan Fleming uses graphic designers in Portugal, database managers in India, and writers in Hungary for his blog.

The Wilburns began buying graphic designs through Elance in 2000. They say they shifted to radical outsourcing after reading the 2007 Timothy Ferriss best-seller, The 4-Hour Workweek: Escape 9-5, Live Anywhere and Join the New Rich, which extols the merits of freeing up time by hiring cheap offshore “virtual assistants” to handle scheduling and other routine tasks.

Remote help has allowed 38-year-old Randy Wilburn to shift gears with the economy. His real estate business has slowed, so he spends more time advising nonprofits across the U.S. on how to help homeowners avoid foreclosure. Virtual assistants have handled routine correspondence and put together business materials while he’s on the road, all for less than $10,000 a year. He figures a full-time secretary would run $45,000. Nicola, a 35-year-old designer, decided to work from home after she had their second child. Nicola now farms out design work to freelancers and is starting to sell organic baby food she cooks herself. She is setting up a Web site for that business and offered $500 for the design work. Of the 20 bidders who responded via Elance, 18 are from outside the U.S.

The couple uses two main offshore vendors. One is GlobeTask, a Jerusalem outsourcing firm that employs dozens of graphic artists, Web designers, writers, and virtual assistants in Israel, India, and the U.S. It generally charges $8 an hour. The other is Kolkata’s Webgrity, which has a staff of 45 and charges $1 to $1.20 an hour. Five years ago, says founder Amit Keshan, 32, his company designed Web sites for Indian clients. Now he does all his business through Elance, handling up to 300 jobs each month for U.S., British, and Australian clients. For $125, Webgrity designed a logo for Wilburn’s real estate business that Wilburn says would have cost as much as $1,000 in the U.S.

A worldwide market where even mom-and-pop businesses outsource could still be years from attaining wide appeal. But micro-multinational entrepreneurs like the Wilburns may not be rarities for much longer. “People will do it the old way until it becomes a no-brainer to do it the new way,” predicts Elance’s Rosati.

Links

Mobile Manifesto

Many small outsourcers say they were inspired by the 2007 book The 4-Hour Workweek by Timothy Ferriss. Described as a “manifesto for the mobile lifestyle,” it includes a chapter on how to find offshore “virtual assistants” to handle everything from daily office tasks to writing business plans. One tip: Don’t hire based solely on the lowest hourly rate—focus on the total cost of the job.

From: www.businessweek.com

October 8, 2005PrevNextGallery IndexImage 9 of 20Courtesy Special Ops MediaPrevNext

From: classicrock.about.com

LOS ANGELES (Fortune) — Carl Icahn published an open letter to Yahoo shareholders Monday in which he disclosed that he has spoken several times to Microsoft chief executive Steve Ballmer over the past week: "Several of our conversations have lasted as long as an hour," Icahn wrote, suggesting it was a real get-to-know-you sort of thing.

During these chats, Icahn says Ballmer has made it clear that he’s still willing to re-open talks to do a deal with Yahoo (YHOO, Fortune 500) - either for the whole company or its search business - but only if Yahoo has a new board of directors.

"Steve made it abundantly clear that, due to his experiences with Yahoo! during the past several months," wrote Icahn, "he cannot negotiate any transaction with the current board."

In a statement, Microsoft backed up Icahn’s provocative account. "While of course there can be no assurance of a future transaction," the company said, "we will be prepared to enter into discussions immediately after Yahoo!’s shareholder meeting if a new board is elected."

In other words, Icahn may have just turned himself from a peripheral irritant into a central player in the battle over Yahoo’s future. Since Microsoft (MSFT, Fortune 500) dropped its $42-billion takeover offer for Yahoo in May, Icahn has been buying shares and criticizing Yahoo’s board. Icahn is looking to replace Yahoo’s nine directors with his own picks at the company’s annual shareholder meeting August 1.

Most analyses of Yahoo’s travails, though, have focused on what the next move by Microsoft or Google (GOOG, Fortune 500) or Time Warner (TWX, Fortune 500) or assorted other would-be strategic partner/owners of Yahoo might be. Early on in his railing against Yahoo CEO Jerry Yang and the company’s board, Icahn noted that he wasn’t talking to Microsoft.

Now Ballmer and Icahn are public allies. That can’t be very comforting to Yahoo’s board or to Yang. Investors seem more sanguine. Yahoo shares jumped more than 11% Wednesday.

Yahoo, in its own response to Icahn and Microsoft on Monday, pointed out that its independent directors had approached Ballmer in June - a month after Microsoft dropped its bid - about buying the company "only to be told that Microsoft was no longer interested."

In language that suggests Icahn is getting at least a little under their collective skin, Yahoo’s statement concluded: "And if Mr. Icahn has an actual plan for Yahoo beyond hoping that Microsoft might actually consummate a deal which they have repeatedly walked away from, we would be very interested in hearing it."

Find the weakness

In the context of Silicon Valley, Web 2.0, and the new new thing, Icahn can seem like a ludicrous character: 72 years old, a reformed 1980s raider, working out of wood-paneled offices in midtown Manhattan that look like a set from the movie Wall Street. He doesn’t use e-mail. His energy drink is a martini.

But what Icahn is, in the words of one CEO who has tangled with him, is "a savant." He has a brilliant touch for ferreting out weakness in big corporate situations and capitalizing on it to make smart, usually short-term investments through his trademark brand of trash-talking and activism.

In Yahoo’s case, Icahn may still think widgets are made in factories, but he also knows a thing or three about finance, the markets and capitalism. And he especially knows public relations - as evidenced Monday morning - and how to kick up an almighty fuss.

Yahoo’s board has steadfastly rejected Icahn and made the case for keeping the current slate of directors intact. Moreover, they have counterpunched Icahn’s attacks as "ill-defined" and based on "misrepresentations."

But in recent days there have been growing rumbles that Yahoo might try to give Icahn a couple of seats on its board to make his proxy fight go away. Monday’s letter makes that even more imperative.

And if, as one big Yahoo investor told Fortune.com last month, board members now realize they miscalculated in their talks with Ballmer, even a partial change in the board could lead to the result Icahn wants: a sale of the company.

Yet even while investors appreciate Icahn’s ability to crystallize their dissent, they don’t necessarily want him running their company.

Exhibit A in this regard has been Blockbuster (BBI, Fortune 500). In 2005, Icahn won a proxy fight and put representatives on the board, but the company’s shares have traded at considerably less than what he bought them for.

Monday’s letter is so useful to him because it reassures investors that if they do back his slate, they are not voting for him, but for a sale of the company or, hopefully, a better search deal than the one Yahoo has pursued with its arch-rival Google. "While there can be no assurance of a future transaction," Icahn wrote, "as many of you know, I have negotiated successfully a large number of transactions over the past years."

‘The Icahn Report’

It’s fascinating - and no doubt horrifying to some in Sunnyvale, Calif. - to imagine Icahn on the Yahoo board, perhaps making an entrance in one of the company’s purple-hued meeting rooms, some of which are named after Ben & Jerry’s ice cream flavors.

His Luddite tendencies aside, maybe it’s no coincidence that Icahn’s assault on Yahoo coincided with the debut of "The Icahn Report," a blog by the man himself giving his forceful take on shareholder democracy.

Incidentally, one of Icahn’s proposed board members is Mark Cuban, the Dallas Mavericks owners who notably became a billionaire by selling his startup to Yahoo years ago. And Cuban is one of the better-read business leader bloggers out there. Maybe Icahn is becoming more web-savvy than we’ve given him credit for.  First Published: July 7, 2008: 12:45 PM EDT

From: money.cnn.com

The Bottom LineBarbeques Galore imports its own line of grills. This one sits toward the bottom of the line. This is a grill designed for cooking and has not features other than the main grill. While it has a good warranty and heavy components the reliance on porcelain coatings forces you to take a little extra care of the grill. This is a good grill at around $540. The heat output is strong but the preheat time is a little long.ProsHeavy porcelain coated cast iron cooking gratesIndividual ignitors on each burnerDouble walled stainless steel hoodHeavy porcelain coated cast iron burnersConsPorcelain coatings can chip and expose metal to rustLimited featuresDescriptionThree 15,000 BTU porcelain coated cast iron burners494 square inches of primary cooking space for a total of 625 square inches of grilling area45,000 BTU maximum output from the main burnersCeramic briquettes of a 304 stainless steel trayPorcelain coated cast iron cooking gratesEnameled steel frame with stainless steel hoodStainless steel full width drip trayIndividual pizo-electric ignitors on each burnerGuide Review - Capt’n Cook 3-Burner Gas GrillBarbeques Galore is the world’s first franchised grill store. They are a big company who imports grills primary made in China for the Australian and American market. It is an Australian company. The Capt’n Cook grills are towards the bottom of their grill lines but good quality grills. This grill comes in natural gas and propane. Barbeques Galore has a good reputation for service and support and is in the business for the long haul (they have over 150 stores). I have never heard anything bad about their support.

This grill has three porcelain coated cast iron burners producing 45,000 BTUs under a primary cooking area of 494 square inches. While this is a little low this grill does produce good heat and even though you might want to give it an extra minute or two to heat up. The porcelain coated cast iron cooking grates will require you to take good care not to chip them but are a great cooking surface. If you’re interested I’m told you can change out the grates and burners for stainless steel.

As a grill that can cook this is a good one. However, at about $500 you can get many other grills with this size and power. The primitive design and limited features would probably limit its sale when stacked up against other grills at this price. There really isn’t anything that stands out about this grill. If you get a good price on it and don’t want anything more than a basic grill then this wouldn’t be a bad choice. You can certainly do worse.

From: bbq.about.com

Spotted hyenas are well known for their laughs, but scientists have just determined that the carnivores communicate with their cubs using the hyena version of baby talk: melodic groans.

The find highlights what a complicated vocal repertoire these very social animals possess. In addition to the laughing, each hyena has its own “whoop” sound that identifies individuals, so “whoop” in hyena speak is somewhat equivalent to a person yelling out his or her name.

“Their lifestyle requires recognizing individuals within their social groups and adjusting their behavior accordingly,” co-author Steve Glickman told Discovery News.

“Communication is central to complex, flexible social organization,” Glickman, a professor of psychology and integrative biology at the University of California at Berkeley, added.

For the study, presented at the Acoustics08 conference in Paris last week, Glickman and his colleagues focused on hyena groans. To elicit the sounds, the researchers presented hyenas at the Berkeley Field Station for Behavioral Research with three things: meaty bones, unfamiliar spotted hyena cubs and an empty transport cage used to contain bones or cubs during other experiments.

The adults groaned more at the cubs than the objects, with cub groans sounding much more melodic and gentle. When the animals groaned at the bones and the cage, the vocalizations were less tonal and had a lower identified frequency.

Glickman said the exact meaning behind the song-like groaning to cubs remains unknown, but in the wild “groans are used by females to call their cubs from underground burrows.”

Surprisingly, to human ears, the male sounds were always higher in pitch than those made by females.

“Among spotted hyenas, females are, on average, larger than males and the deeper fundamental frequencies may simply be a function of body size,” he explained.

From: dsc.discovery.com