John Heysham Gibbon - Heart Lung Machine - Pump Oxygenator

From the National Library of Medicine
John Heysham Gibbon (1903-1973) was born in Philadelphia, PA, and was a fourth generation physician. He received his A.B. from Princeton University in 1923 and his M.D. from Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia in 1927. He also received honorary degrees from the Universities of Princeton, Buffalo and Pennsylvania, and Dickinson College. As a member of the faculty at Jefferson Medical College, he held the positions of Professor of Surgery and Director of the Department of Surgery (1946-1956) and was the Samuel D. Gross Professor and Chairman of the Department of Surgery (1946-1967). He was widely recognized for his pioneering efforts in surgery and the invention of the heart-lung bypass machine. His awards include the Lasker Award (1968), Gairdner Foundation International Award, Distinguished Service Awards from both the International Society of Surgery and the Pennsylvania Medical Society, the American Heart Association’s Research Achievement Award, and election into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was named an honorary fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons and retired as Emeritus Professor of Surgery, Jefferson Medical College Hospital. Dr. Gibbon was also president of several professional societies and organizations including the American Surgical Association, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Society of Vascular Surgery, Society of Clinical Surgery.

The death of a young patient in 1931 first stirred Dr. Gibbon’s imagination about developing an artificial device for bypassing the heart and lungs, allowing for more effective heart surgery techniques. He was dissuaded by all with whom he broached the subject, but he continued his experiments and invention independently. In 1935 he successfully used a prototype heart-lung bypass machine to keep a cat alive for 26 minutes. Gibbon’s World War II army service in the China-Burma-India Theater temporarily interrupted his research. He began a new series of experiments with dogs in the 1950s, using IBM-built machines. The new device used a refined method of cascading the blood down a thin sheet of film for oxygenation, rather than the original whirling technique that could potentially damage blood corpuscles. Using the new method, twelve dogs were kept alive for more than an hour during heart operations. The next step involved using the machine on humans, and in 1953 Cecelia Bavolek became the first to successfully undergo open heart bypass surgery, with the machine totally supporting her heart and lung functions for more than half the duration.

According to “Internal Workings of the Cardiopulmonary Bypass Machine”
maintained by Christopher M. A. Haslego
extracts included below: The first heart-lung machine was built by physician, John Heysham Gibbon in 1937 who also performed the first human open heart operation. He is considered the inventor of the heart-lung or pump oxygenator. This experimental machine used two roller pumps and had the capacity to replace the heart and lung action of a cat. John Gibbon joined forces with Thomas Watson in 1946. Watson, an engineer and the chairman of IBM (International Business Machines), provided the financial and technical support for Gibbon to further develop his heart-lung machine. Gibbon, Watson, and five IBM engineers invented an improved machine that “minimized haemolysis and prevented air bubbles from entering the circulation.” The device was only tested on dogs and had a 10% mortality rate. Further improvements came in 1945, when Clarence Dennis built a modified Gibbon pump that permitted a complete bypass of the heart and lungs during surgical operations of the heart, however, Dennis’ machine was hard to clean, caused infections, and never reached human testing. A Swedish physician, Viking Olov Bjork “invented an oxygenator with multiple screen discs that rotated slowly in a shaft, over which a film of blood was injected. Oxygen was passed over the rotating discs and provided sufficient oxygenation for an adult human. Bjork along with help of a few chemical engineers, one of which who was his wife, prepared a blood filter and an artificial intima of silicon under the trade name UHB 300. This was applied to all parts of the perfusion machine, particularly, the rough red rubber tubes, to delay clotting and save platelets.” Bjork took the technology to the human testing phase.

“The first heart lung bypass machine was first used on a human in 1953. In 1960, it was considered safe to use the CBM along with hypothermia to perform CABG surgery.” Related Information
Medical Innovations
Other Cardiac Innovations
The History of IBM

©Mary Bellis

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At a GlancePrep Time : 20minCook Time : 50minCourse : Cookies and Candy, Dessert, Tea TimeSpecial : Caffeine-Free, Easy, Kosher (Dairy), Large Quantity, Make Ahead, Non-Alcoholic, VegetarianType of Prep : Bake, Freeze, Mix / BeatCuisine : U.S. RegionalOccasion : Fall, Family Dinner, Party, Potluck, Spring, Summer, Winter Newsletters & RSSEmail to a friendSubmit to DiggRecipes

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From 125 Best Cheesecake Recipes by George Geary (Robert Rose)

Chocolate and peanut butter are a match made in heaven and these cheesecake bar cookies are sure to delight all.INGREDIENTS:Crust:2-1/2 cups peanut butter sandwich cookie crumbs - see Tip below (625 mL)1/2 cup all-purpose flour (125 mL)1/2 cup unsalted butter, melted (125 mL).Filling:4 packages (each 8 ounces/250 g) cream cheese, softened1-1/4 cups granulated sugar (250 mL)4 eggs1 cup creamy peanut butter - see Tip below (250 mL)8 ounces bittersweet chocolate, melted and cooled (250 g)3 Tablespoons fresh lemon juice (45 mL)1 teaspoon vanilla (5 mL)2 cups semi-sweet chocolate chunks (500 mL).Topping:1 cup sour cream (250 mL)1/2 cup granulated sugar (125 mL)1/3 cup creamy peanut butter (75 mL)1 Tablespoon fresh lemon juice (15 mL)1 teaspoon vanilla (5 mL)1/2 cup semi-sweet chocolate chunks (125 mL)PREPARATION:Preheat oven to 325 degrees F./160 degrees C. Line a 13-by 9-inch baking pan with foil.

Crust:
In a medium bowl, combine cookie crumbs, flour, and butter. Press into bottom of prepared baking pan and freeze.

Filling:
In a large mixer bowl, beat cream cheese and sugar on medium-high speed for 3 minutes. Add eggs, one at a time, beating after each addition. Blend in peanut butter and melted chocolate. Mix in lemon juice and vanilla. Fold in chocolate chunks. Pour over frozen crust. Bake for 35 to 45 minutes or until the top is light brown and the center has a slight jiggle to it. Cool on the counter for 10 minutes (do not turn the oven off). The cake will sink slightly.

Topping:
In a small bowl, combine sour cream, sugar, peanut butter, lemon juice, and vanilla. Pour into center of cooled cake and spread out to edges. Sprinkle with chocolate chunks. Bake for 5 minutes more. Cool on a rack for 2 hours. Cover and refrigerate for at least 6 hours before cutting into bars.

Tip: Use a commercial creamy peanut butter. The natural peanut butters have too much oil for this recipe. Use a food processor to chop cookies into crumbs to the consistency of rough sand.

Yield: 10 to 12 servings

Recipe Source: 125 Best Cheesecake Recipes by George Geary (Robert Rose)
Reprinted with permission.

From: homecooking.about.com

OMAHA, Neb. (AP) — When Ryan Lochte puts on his high-tech swimsuit, the only thing missing is the cape.

"I feel like an action hero," the world record-holder said.

But, amid an all-out assault on the record book and gushy talk of suits designed with the help of NASA, there’s a nasty undercurrent heading into the U.S. Olympic trials that begin Sunday.

On the eve of the meet, two rival companies held dueling media events to tout the benefits of their competing suits — a battle that’s moved beyond the pool and into federal court.

While the next step in TYR Sport’s antitrust lawsuit against Speedo was put off until after the Beijing Olympics, there’s still plenty of bitterness in a case that has as much to do with market share as it does with lap times.

TYR claims Speedo is in cahoots with USA Swimming, using its hefty financial clout to strong-arm American athletes into wearing its attire. The governing body also is a defendant in the case, along with national team head coach Mark Schubert and two-time Olympian Erik Vendt.

An uneasy demilitarized zone has been set up right through the middle of Omaha, the two companies staring each other down during a lull in their legal tussle.

California-based TYR is working out of a hotel and sports bar that overlook the Qwest Center from a hill a couple of blocks away. Speedo, a major sponsor of USA Swimming, has a prime spot right inside the arena.

"These young people have sacrificed so much to get to this point," said Steve Furniss, a former Olympian and co-founder of TYR. "I would like to see the focus on them and the great things they’re going to do."

But there’s no getting away from the swimsuit wars, which took center stage Saturday.

Speedo invited reporters to its elaborate display set up in the Aqua Zone, a fan exhibit area just beyond the warm-up pool. The star attraction was the much-ballyhooed LZR Racer, which was designed with NASA’s help and has been worn for 38 of the staggering 42 world records that have fallen since its unveiling in mid-February.

On hand to vouch for Speedo were Eddie Reese, the U.S. men’s coach, and Bob Bowman, who coaches the sport’s biggest star in Michael Phelps. Their support wasn’t too surprising, because both serve on an advisory panel for the swimsuit giant — a post that Bowman acknowledged earns him a paycheck from Speedo.

A few hours later, TYR made its pitch for the Tracer Rise, its answer to the LZR. While the company doesn’t have nearly the star power of Speedo, it did trot out some of its top athletes, including Mary Descenza, Matt Grevers and open water swimmer Mark Warkentin.

Furniss weighed in by telephone from California, saying he was reluctant to go to court but felt he had no other choice because of what he perceives as a tilted playing field in the battle with Speedo.

"I’m a former swimmer," said Furniss, who won a bronze medal at the 1972 Munich Olympics and was captain of the powerful 1976 team, generally recognized as the greatest men’s squad in U.S. history. "I love to compete. I just want to have the opportunity to compete. Let this thing be settled in the pool."

Furniss was due to arrive in Omaha on Sunday, and he conceded that it might be a bit unsettling to face friends and colleagues who believe his company’s lawsuit has caused an unnecessary distraction in this Olympic year.

"It’s a small fraternity of people," Furniss said. "I’d be lying if I said it wasn’t uncomfortable."

TYR was eager to press ahead with its claims before the Olympics, but USA Swimming recently persuaded a U.S. District Court judge in Los Angeles to put off the case until Sept. 15 — some three weeks after the closing ceremonies in Beijing.

"What this effectively does is put it on the shelf," said Chuck Wielgus, the executive director of USA Swimming. "We don’t have to worry about it until after Beijing. The athletes and coaches can get through the Olympic Games without any distractions."

But TYR said one of its major claims was acknowledged in the request for a delay. Stu Isaac, a senior vice president for Speedo, filed court documents admitting that Schubert is a "paid spokesman" in addition to his duties as national team coach and general manager.

In April, Schubert said he would recommend that every American wear the Speedo suit at the U.S. Olympic trials — even if they were sponsored by another company. "Do you go for the money or for the gold?" he said at the time.

Furniss compared Schubert’s role to a broker recommending a stock, without revealing to his clients that he also has a vested financial interest in the company.

"The comments that Schubert has made and continues to make need to be evaluated," TYR attorney Larry Hilton said. "Is he wearing his head coach hat or his Speedo spokesman hat?"

Wielgus has denied any wrongdoing and said he told Furniss in a letter that he would be happy to discuss his concerns. "The next thing I know, we’re getting served with papers," Wielgus said.

Schubert said he’s been advised by his attorney not to comment on the case, "so I’m going to compartmentalize it, put it in a box, leave it to the attorneys, and then pick up on September 15."

Vendt’s involvement in the case revolves around his decision to switch from TYR to Speedo. The lawsuit claims he breached a contract, and Hilton went a step further on Saturday.

"He wanted to be paid by TYR but be able to wear the Speedo suit," he said. "Erik Vendt did not want to give up the money."

Vendt wasn’t immediately available for comment, but his agent, Evan Morgenstein, brushed off TYR’s salvo.

"Erik is focused on training," he said.

Bowman, who also coaches Vendt at Michigan-based Club Wolverine, said the swimmer had a simple reason for wanting to switch.

"He told me the Speedo suit was such a great difference, that’s why he had to go with it," Bowman said. "Everybody wants to be in the best technology possible."

Reese said he’s concerned that several top swimmers, including two Olympic gold medalists from his own Texas-based team, were still trying to decide which suit to wear at the trials.

Brendan Hansen and Aaron Peirsol both have endorsement deals with Nike, which has given all its swimmers permission to wear another company’s suit if they think it will help their performance.

Hansen said he’s tried on every suit available and it will be a "game-day decision." Peirsol said he brought along both Nike and Speedo suits and may just switch back and forth.

Likely speaking for everyone on deck, Peirsol said he’s grown weary of all the swimsuit talk.

"Everybody’s just like, ‘Man, let’s go back to nylon suits,"’ he said. "You just want to swim the guy next to you. You don’t want to swim the suit next to you. No one wants to lose because of a suit, or win because of a suit."

From: rss.cnn.com

The Issue

Corporal punishment is legal in twenty-three states. Why is physical abuse still permitted in our schools? The United States is the only state in the western world which still tolerates corporal punishment in its schools.

Background

Corporal punishment in one form or another has been around schools for centuries. It certainly is not a new issue. See The Roman Family for a more detailed discussion of this.

When I was a school boy growing up in Montreal back in the 1950’s, the preferred method of corporal punishment was strapping. As I recall, the only person who administered the strap was the principal or the vice-principal of the school. It was pretty much a punishment of last resort. In other words, you had to have done something pretty dreadful to get a strapping. Persistent rudeness and insolence come to mind as reasons for a strapping. Other forms of abuse administered by teachers in those days included cuffing a student across the back of the head, rapping his knuckles with a metre stick or ruler and so on. All of that made quite an impression on me as I remember it quite vividly some forty-five years later. I also remember starting to bite my nails while in grade school. It took me years to stop that nasty habit.

23 States Still Permit Beating

There are actually twenty-three states which still have laws on their books permitting corporal punishment: Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
Colorado
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Indiana
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Mississippi
Missouri
New Mexico
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Wyoming

Corporal punishment should be outlawed in these states because:

Corporal punishment has no place in education

I co-founded a high school in Nassau, Bahamas in 1994. As Vie-principal, one of the first issues I had to deal with was discipline. Dr. Elliston Rahming, the owner of the school, was a criminologist. He had very firm views about the subject: there would be no corporal punishment of any kind. We had to find better, more effective ways than beating to enforce discipline. In the Bahamas, beating children was, and still, is an accepted disciplinary method in the home and in the school. Our solution was to develop a Code of Discipline which basically penalized unacceptable behavior according to the severity of the infraction. Everything from dress code to drugs, weapons and sexual infractions was covered. Remediation and resolution, retraining and reprogramming were the goals. Yes, we did get to the point on two or three occasions where we actually did suspend and expel students. The biggest problem we faced was breaking the cycle of abuse. In my opinion you and I must break this cycle.

Professional associations oppose beating

Most leading professional associations have come out in opposition to corporal punishment. The reason why is that they feel it causes irreparable emotional damage to young people.

The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry opposes the use of corporal punishment in schools and takes issue with laws in some states legalizing such corporal punishment and protecting adults who use it from prosecution for child abuse.

The American School Counsellor Association "seeks the elimination of corporal punishment in schools and other places of caregiving."

The American Academy of Pediatrics "recommends that corporal punishment in schools be abolished in all states by law and that alternative forms of student behavior management be used."

The National Council of Teachers of English has been on record since 1985 as being opposed to corporal punishment.

The National Center for the Study of Corporal Punishment and Alternatives - (NCSCPA) tracks information about this subject and puts out updates. It also offers an interesting reading list and other materials.

The National Association of Secondary School Principals "believes that the practice of corporal punishment in schools should be abolished and that principals should utilize alternative forms of discipline."

What happens in America’s private schools?

Most of them frown on the use of corporal punishment. There are simply more enlightened methods for dealing with disciplinary issues. Honor codes and clearly spelled out results for infractions combined with contract law give private schools an edge in dealing with discipline. Basically, if you do something seriously wrong, you will get suspended or expelled from school. You will have no recourse because you have no legal rights other than those in the contract which you signed with the school.

Do Your Part!

What can you do? Write the state education departments of the states which still permit corporal punishment. Let them know that you oppose its use. Write your legislators and urge them to make corporal punishment illegal.

From: privateschool.about.com

click for more imagesGeorge CarlinMark Mainz/Staff/Getty ImagesNewsletters & RSSEmail to a friendSubmit to DiggOn This Site

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From Robert Kennedy,
Your Guide to Private Schools.
Many celebrities have attended private schools. So have politicians, diplomats, kings and queens, business leaders and other notables. Why is that? Security was an issue for many prominent families. Attending school behind the gates keeps the paparazzi at bay! But for most it was simply a matter of pursuing academic excellence and giving their child a solid educational foundation.A.

The late George Carlin attended Cardinal Hayes High School, New York, New York. Here are some other famous people and the schools they went to.

Adlai Stevenson Choate-Rosemary Hall, Wallingford, CT Albert Gore, Jr. St. Alban’s School, Washington, DC Alexandra Ripley Ashley Hall, Charleston, SC Ali McGraw Choate-Rosemary Hall, Wallingford, CTArchibald MacLeish The Hotchkiss School, Lakeville, CT Arthur Golden Baylor School, Chattanooga, TN Barbara Bush Ashley Hall, Charleston, SCBenicio Del Toro Mercersburg Academy, Mercersburg, PA Bette Davis Cushing Academy, Ashburnham, MA Bill Gates Lakeside School, Seattle, WA Bruce Weitz Ransom Everglades, Coconut Grove, FL Chelsea Clinton Sidwell Friends School, Washington, DC Cole Porter Worcester Academy, Worcester, MA Condoleezza Rice St. Mary’s Academy, Englewood, CO Daniel Radcliffe City of London School, London, England DeWitt Wallace Northfield Mt. Hermon School, Northfield, MA Diana, Princess of Wales Riddlesworth Hall, Diss, Norfolk, England Edward Kennedy Milton Academy, Milton, MA Eliot Spitzer Horace Mann School, New York, NY Enrique Iglesias Gulliver Preparatory, Miami, FL Glenn Close Choate-Rosemary Hall, Wallingford, CT Farrah Forke The Hockaday School, Dallas, TXFrank Shorter Northfield Mt. Hermon School, Northfield, MA George Carlin Cardinal Hayes High School, New York, NY George Prescott Bush Gulliver Preparatory, Miami, FL George Herbert Walker Bush Phillips Academy, Andover, MA George Walker Bush Phillips Academy, Andover, MAGore Vidal Phillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, NHGwyneth Paltrow The Spence School, New York, New York Howard Baker McCallie School, Chatanooga, TN Humphrey Bogart Phillips Academy, Andover, MA Ian Kiernan The Armidale School, NSW, AustraliaIvanka Trump Choate-Rosemary Hall, Wallingford, CTJacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis Miss Porter’s School, Farmington, CT James Stewart Mercersburg Academy, Mercersburg, PAJames VanDerBeek Cheshire Academy, Chesire, CT Jamie Lee Curtis Choate-Rosemary Hall, Wallingford, CTJane Fonda Emma Willard School, Troy, NY Jennifer Anniston Rudolf Steiner School, New York Jodie Foster Choate-Rosemary Hall, Wallingford, CTJohn Dos Passos Choate-Rosemary Hall, Wallingford, CT John O’Hurley Kingswood-Oxford School, West Hartford, CT John Fitzgerald Kennedy Choate-Rosemary Hall, Wallingford, CTJohn Irving Phillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, NHJohn Kerry St. Paul’s School, Concord, NHJohn McCain Episcopal High School, Alexandria, VA Jon Meacham McCallie School, Chatanooga, TN Julia Louise-Dreyfus Holton-Arms School, Bethesda, MD Kathleen Kennedy Townsend The Putney School, Putney, VT Laura Linney Northfield Mt. Hermon School, Northfield, MA Lisa Loeb The Hockaday School, Dallas, TX Louise Fletcher All Saints School, Vicksburg, MS Madeline Albright Kent Denver School, Englewood, CO Madeleine L’EngleAshley Hall, Charleston, SC Mario Van Peebles St. Thomas More School, Oakdale, CT Mary Higgins Clark Villa Maria Academy, Bronx, NY Mel Gibson St Leo’s College, Waitara, Sydney, AustraliaMichael Douglas Choate-Rosemary Hall, Wallingford, CTMinoru B. Makihara St. Paul’s, Concord, NHNatalie Cole Northfield Mt. Hermon School, Northfield, MA Oliver Stone The Hill School, Pottstown, PA Paris Hilton The Dwight School, New York, NY Patricia Richardson The Hockaday School, Dallas, TX Peter Cousens The Armidale School, NSW, AustraliaPrince William Eton College, Berkshire, England Queen Noor Concord Academy, Concord, MA Reese Witherspoon Harding Academy, Nashville, TN S. Presley Blake Northfield Mt. Hermon School, Northfield, MA Stephen Crane The Pennington School, Pennington, NJ Steve Forbes The Brooks School, North Andover, MA Stewart Mott Deerfield Academy, Deerfield, MA Stockard Channing The Madeira School, Mclean, VA Strobe Talbott St. Alban’s School, Washington, DCTed Danson Kent School, Kent, CT Ted Turner McCallie School, Chatanooga, TN Tim RussertCanisius High School, Buffalo, NY Tommy Lee Jones St. Mark’s School of Texas, Dallas, TX Tucker Carlson St. George’s School, Newport, RI Uma Thurman Northfield Mt. Hermon School, Northfield, MA Will Ackerman Northfield Mt. Hermon School, Northfield, MA

FAQ Index

From: privateschool.about.com

I Love You - Ich liebe dich An English-German Phrasebook

- The language of love

Also see:
  German Valentine’s Day
  German Valentine Cards

“Schatzi” beats “Mausi”
According to a popular German magazine, about 70% of all German couples use a pet name (Kosename) with each other. The most popular is (”treasure”) or one of its many variations: etc. But there are many more German “terms of endearment” in German, and we have included them in this special phrasebook—along with other expressions related to love and romance.

The Language of Love and Romance An English-German Phrasebook
English	Deutsch
I love you.	Ich liebe dich.
charmer He/She is a real charmer.	Er/Sie ist wirklich charmant.
happy You make me so happy!	Du machst mich so glücklich!
kid (Rick in ) Here’s lookin’ at you, kid!	Ich schau dir in die Augen, Kleines!
Darling, Honey, Sweetheart, Sweetie, etc. Here’s a selection of common German names for that special someone. Many, if not all of them may be considered rather corny, but all’s fair in love and war! - Bärchen, Biene, Engel, Gummibärchen, Hasi, Honigbienchen, Knuddel, Kuschelbär, Liebling, Mausi, Schatzi, Schnuckiputzi, Spatzi, Zaubermaus. MORE > “Darling” Glossary - What do these terms of endearment (and others) actually mean in English?
kiss Kiss me!	Küss mich!
live I can’t live without you.	Ohne dich kann ich nicht leben.
love He/She’s the love of my life.	Er/Sie ist die große Liebe meines Lebens.
love bite He/She has a love bite.	Er/Sie hat einen Knutschfleck.
love, be in I’m in love.	Ich bin verliebt.
love, fall in He fell in love with her. She fell in love with him.	Er hat sich in sie verliebt. Sie hat sich in ihn verliebt.
Graphics courtesy Cute Colors
lover She took a lover.	Sie nahm sich einen Liebhaber.
miss I miss you.	Ich vermisse dich./Du fehlst mir.
mistress He has a mistress/lover.	Er hat eine Geliebte.
seduction the art of seduction	die Kunst der Verführung
Zitate - Quotations Absence makes the heart grow fonder.- Die Liebe wächst mit der Entfernung. All’s fair in love and war. - In der Liebe und im Krieg ist alles erlaubt. Love conquers all. - Die Liebe besiegt alles. With true love it’s like seeing ghosts: everyone talks about it, but few have ever seen it. - Mit der wahren Liebe ist’s wie mit den Geistererscheinungen: alle Welt spricht darüber, aber wenige haben etwas davon gesehen. Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. - Soll ich dich einem Sommertag vergleichen? Er ist wie du so lieblich nicht und lind. And ruin’d love, when it is built anew, Grows fairer than at first, more strong, far greater. - Dass Liebe, die aus Trümmern auferstand, Reicher als einst an Größe ist und Kraft!

Related Pages

The “Darling” Glossary
A special German-English glossary of the many German terms for “darling” or “sweetheart.”

German Valentine’s Day
A glossary of Valentine’s terms plus friendship, love, and romance.

German Valentine Cards
Valentines and greeting cards in German for many occasions.

The Good Wishes Glossary
A German-English lexicon of congratulations and best wishes for many occasions.

German Words to Avoid
This special adult glossary includes the less refined terms of love and sex in German.

Wort des Tages
What’s today’s German word of the day?

Dictionaries
Info and links for print and online ditionaries for German.

More Glossaries
English-German glossaries on a variety of topics.

German Newsletters
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From: german.about.com

Bush, who once famously branded North Korea a part of his “axis of evil,” offered mostly symbolic concessions in exchange for Kim Jong Il’s agreement to hand over a long-awaited accounting of its nuclear bomb-making abilities. Critics said even symbolism was too much give to a regime that can’t be trusted.

“If they don’t fulfill their promises, more restrictions will be placed on them,” Bush said, just a few hours after North Korea handed over 60 pages of documentation about its nuclear past to Chinese officials in Beijing.

The North Koreans declared less about their plutonium work and nuclear programs dating to 1986 than what the Bush administration initially sought. And they disclosed nothing about their stockpile of nuclear weapons, suspected uranium enrichment program or alleged role in helping Syria build a reactor.

Still, Bush called the declaration a positive step in negotiations with a fickle government that have been stop-and-go for years. Bush emphasized that he was aware that Pyongyang had lied about its nuclear capabilities before.

“I’m under no illusions,” Bush said. “This isn’t the end of the process. This is the beginning of the process of action for action.”

He rattled off a list of ongoing U.S. concerns about North Korea — human rights abuses, uranium enrichment, nuclear testing and proliferation, ballistic missile programs and the threat North Korea poses to its neighbors.

Then he announced he was erasing trade sanctions imposed on North Korea under the Trading With the Enemy Act, and notifying Congress that, in 45 days, the administration intends to take North Korea off the State Department list of nations that sponsor terrorism.

“If North Korea continues to make the right choices, it can repair its relationship with the international community,” he said. “If North Korea makes the wrong choices, the United States and its partners in the six-party talks will act accordingly.”

The White House announcement marked a turnabout of the hostile U.S. policy toward impoverished North Korea. Better relations with Washington could eventually improve dire economic conditions for the country’s 23 million people who suffer food shortages and blackouts. But with many steps to go in North Korea’s disarmament process, that is unlikely to happen soon.

To demonstrate that it is serious about forgoing its nuclear weapons, North Korea planned the televised destruction Friday of a 65-foot-tall cooling tower at its main nuclear reactor at Yongbyon. The tower is a key element of the reactor but blowing it up — with the world watching — has little practical meaning because the reactor has already been nearly disabled.

Conservative Republicans, who want the U.S. to take an even tougher stance against North Korea, were incensed at Bush’s action.

“It’s shameful,” said John Bolton, Bush’s former U.S. ambassador to the United Nations. “This represents the final collapse of Bush’s foreign policy.”

“Profound disappointment” was the reaction of Rep. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, R-Fla.

Other lawmakers from both parties took the position that the declaration, though six months late, was better than nothing. They argue that the long-running negotiations the United States, Japan, South Korea, China and Russia have been having with Pyongyang offer the best chance of eventual denuclearization of the Korean peninsula.

“Although more work remains to verifiably end North Korea’s nuclear weapons program, this important achievement for the Bush administration is the direct result of painstaking, multilateral diplomacy,” said Sen. Chuck Hagel, R-Neb., who has been largely critical of Bush’s foreign policy.

Sen. John Kerry, D-Mass., said progress on ending North Korea’s nuclear weapons program remains incomplete.

“But the regime’s nuclear declaration is the latest reminder that, despite President Bush’s once bellicose rhetoric, engaging our enemies can pay dividends,” Kerry said.

Bush said the U.S. action would have little impact on North Korea’s financial and diplomatic isolation; Defense Secretary Robert Gates played down the meaning of taking North Korea off the terrorism list.

“The reality is that there are so many other sanctions on North Korea because of its other behaviors that there’s really no practical effect,” he said.

In the next 45 days — the congressionally mandated waiting period for removing North Korea from the terrorism list — the six negotiating partners will agree on how best to verify what the regime has declared. The North Koreans have said they will provide access to their facilities, including the reactor core and waste sites.

The declaration details the amount of plutonium the North produced, down to the gram. A senior U.S. official says North Korea claims to have produced an amount of plutonium in the low 40-kilogram (about 90-pound) range, including estimates of waste. That is enough to construct at least a half-dozen nuclear bombs and is in line with U.S. intelligence estimates.

What’s missing?

_The number of bombs in storage, or information about what’s going to happen to them. The North proved it could build a working nuclear bomb when it carried out an underground nuclear test blast in October 2006. Details on the bombs, however, will be left to the next stage of the talks, when Pyongyang is supposed to abandon all its nuclear weapons program.

_Details about North Korea’s suspected nuclear program to seek weapons fueled by enriched uranium.

_An account of North Korea’s alleged role in helping Syria build what senior U.S. intelligence officials say was a secret nuclear reactor meant to produce plutonium used in making high-yield nuclear weapons. Israeli jets bombed the structure in the remote eastern desert of Syria in September 2007.

National security adviser Stephen Hadley said North Korea had “acknowledged in writing” that the U.S. and its negotiating partners have raised concerns about its enrichment activities and its suspected cooperation with Syria. That might open the door to getting more information from the North Koreans on those matters, he said.
From: us.rd.yahoo.com

The Pina Colada is a favorite frozen drink with pineapple and coconut that saw an increase in popularity after the release of Rupert Holmes’ 1979 hit and now karaoke favorite, "Escape (The Pina Colada Song)." I like it with dark rum, but light rums are good too. You may also try the shaken Pina Colada, brandy based Kappa Colada or mocktail Coco Colada.Ingredients:2 oz dark rum1/2 cup pineapple cubes or 2 oz pineapple juice1 1/2 oz coconut creammaraschino cherry for garnishpineapple wedge for garnishPreparation: Blend all ingredients with approximately 2 cups of ice. Strain into a hurricane glass. Garnish with the cherry and pineapple wedge.

From: cocktails.about.com

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From: kidstvmovies.about.com

Definition: A clear, paler ale developed by British brewers as an alternative to the darker and cloudier traditional English ales.

For more information about pale ale, check out the Pale Ale section of Beer Styles.

From: beer.about.com